Effect of oregano (Origanum onites L.) essential oil on growth,lysozyme and antioxidant activity and resistance against Lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Origanum onites L. essential oil as feed additives on the growth performance, antioxidant activity and disease resistance of rainbow trout. Fish (26.05 ± 0.15 g) were fed the experimental diets supplemented with four different concentrations (0.125, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.0 mL kg^?1) of O. onites essential oil for 90 days. Fish fed diets containing essential oil of O. onites had significantly higher final weight than the control group. Feed conversion ratio in fish fed diets containing 1.5 and 3.0 mL kg^?1 essential oil of O. onites was improved than other treatments (P < 0.05). The lowest feed conversion efficiency ratio was recorded in the 0.125 mL kg^?1 group of O. onites. Antioxidant status of fish was assayed for levels of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and plasma catalase (CAT) activity. Lysozyme activity in plasma was significantly higher in fish fed diet containing 3.0 mL kg^?1 essential oil of O. onites (P < 0.05). After 8 weeks of feeding, fish were challenged with Lactococcus garvieae and cumulative mortality was recorded over 15 days. Dietary administration of 0.125, 1.5 and 2.5 mL kg^?1 O. onites significantly reduced fish mortality (P < 0.05). The 3.0 mL kg^?1 diet showed no mortality after challenged with L. garvieae. These results suggested that the essential oil of O. onites could be applied as growth promoter and also improved disease resistance when added to rainbow trout feed.     

高密度二氧化碳对食品中蛋白质结构及其加工特性影响研究进展

非热加工技术已广泛应用于食品加工行业，高密度二氧化碳（dense phase carbon dioxide，DPCD）加工技 术作为一种新型的非热加工技术，因其无毒无害、能耗低、对食品品质影响小等特点，成为国内外食品加工技术研 究的焦点。蛋白质作为食品的重要组成成分，直接影响食品的风味、质构及营养。本文简要介绍DPCD加工技术概 况和特点，总结关于DPCD对蛋白质结构及加工特性影响和DPCD钝酶作用的最新研究进展，展望了DPCD加工技术 的发展前景，为今后非热加工技术应用于食品加工提供重要研究思路。     

芳香植物精油对竹子根际微生物种群的影响

竹林生态系统虽然比较稳定,但病原菌也较多,使用生物农药是竹林可持续发展的必然道路。许多芳香植物精油具有优良的抗菌活性,都有作为生物农药的潜力。但是竹林土壤微生物也可能受到精油抑菌性能的影响。本研究选取常见5种芳香植物精油香茅、肉桂、大蒜、生姜和茶树精油,对其化学成分进行鉴定并对毛竹实生盆栽苗的土壤进行处理,测定毛竹根际土壤微生物的细菌丰度和种群多样性。结果表明,5种精油会降低毛竹根际微生物的丰度和多样性,使变形菌门的细菌成为绝对优势菌群。对微生物的影响从大到小依次是香茅、生姜、茶树、肉桂和大蒜精油。     

钾肥和硅肥对油用亚麻茎秆抗倒伏特性的影响

为了优化油用亚麻抗倒伏的肥料运筹措施,以‘陇亚11号’和‘定亚23号’为试验材料,通过裂区设计,研究了钾肥（不施钾、52.5 kg K₂O/hm²和105 kg K₂O /hm² 3个水平）和硅肥（不施硅和90 kg SiO₂/hm² 2个水平）用量对油用亚麻茎秆形态学、力学抗倒伏特性及产量的影响。结果表明：‘陇亚11号’的株高、重心高度及茎粗、壁厚、抗折力均显著大于‘定亚23号’,茎秆形态学及力学抗倒伏特性的综合影响下,‘陇亚11号’较‘定亚23号’倒伏率提高21.24%而产量降低9.43%。钾肥显著改善了抗倒的茎秆表观形态学特性,施钾后茎粗、壁厚、茎秆抗折力、抗倒伏指数提高而株高和重心高度降低,千粒重和籽粒产量分别提高7.35%和9.34%。硅肥对茎秆形态学、力学特性及籽粒产量均无主效应,但硅肥与钾肥的互作使茎粗显著增加。抗倒伏指数与茎粗、壁厚呈显著正相关,与株高、重心高度呈显著负相关。品种间的茎秆抗倒伏特性差异较大,施用钾肥显著改善了抗倒的茎秆表观形态学特性,优化了茎秆机械性能,增强了油用亚麻的抗倒伏能力;供钾量较低时,硅肥与钾肥对茎粗的互作正效应明显。     

荞麦产品加工现状分析与建议

近年来人们对健康和养生越发关注,荞麦作为一种药食同源的小宗杂粮,具有很高的营养价值,得到了越来越多的重视。目前市场上已有荞麦面粉、荞麦米、荞麦挂面等荞麦制品,但产品的种类不够丰富,且没有充分发挥出荞麦药食同源的保健作用。本文介绍了荞麦的营养价值,并在分析荞麦产品加工现状的基础上,指出了荞麦产品加工方面存在的不足,并对荞麦加工的未来发展提出了一些建议。     

超低温技术的研究进展及其在甘蔗脱毒中的应用前景

超低温处理是以植物组织培养以及超低温保存为基础的一种新型的脱毒技术。为研究其在甘蔗脱毒中的应用前景,笔者对超低温技术在常见作物中脱毒方法及效率进行了分析,对超低温的原理、方法以及脱毒效果做了总结,对甘蔗现有的脱毒技术进行了分析。阐述了超低温技术为甘蔗脱毒工作中所提供的新的思路。     

Response of industrial hemp to Salsola kali subsp. tragus densities under organic and conventional fertilisation

A 2-year field study was conducted to determine the effects of different nutrition systems and Salsola kali subsp. tragus densities on industrial hemp yield and its components. Experiments were conducted as a split plot in a randomised complete block design with three replicates. Factors were fertilisation (poultry manure, vermicompost and nitrogen fertiliser) as the main plot and weed density (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 plants/m²) as the subplot. Results indicated that the maximum number of racemes per plant, seeds per raceme, 1000-seed weight, biomass, grain yield and harvest index (HI) of industrial hemp were obtained using vermicompost and were reduced with nitrogen fertiliser application. All measured properties in hemp plants decreased due to increasing S. kali subsp. tragus density, especially at 15 and 20 plants/m². The most significant reduction in hemp grain yield and its components was observed by increasing weed density with the application of nitrogen fertiliser. The application of vermicompost at high weed densities resulted in greater hemp grain yield and its components compared with nitrogen fertiliser. It is recommended to apply organic fertilisers, especially vermicompost at high S. kali subsp. tragus densities.     

水稻种子总RNA提取质量问题的探究

水稻种子总RNA提取在水稻分子遗传基础实验中起着非常重要的作用,然而,高质量水稻种子RNA的获取难度高,极大阻碍了cDNA文库构建、RNA-Seq和基因表达分析等相关研究工作的开展和深入。为了探讨水稻种子总RNA提取的相关影响因素,寻找合适的水稻种子总RNA提取方式,本研究通过比较Trizol法、GeneMark试剂盒法和艾德莱试剂盒法3种不同的提取方式、不同的耗材处理方法、研磨方式等不同因素改进水稻种子总RNA的提取效果。不同的检测结果显示,艾德莱多糖多酚提取试剂盒能够提取到28S、18S条带完整、降解少和纯度高的水稻种子总RNA;不同耗材处理方法中,蛋白酶K处理过的耗材提取的总RNA比另外两种方法处理过的耗材提取的总RNA降解更少,28S和18S条带更清晰和完整、总RNA质量最高、效果最好;而研磨方式上,液氮冷冻研磨法能够有效抑制RNA酶对RNA的降解。本研究对水稻种子RNA提取过程相关因素的分析和改进,为促进以水稻种子为研究对象的分子实验奠定了一定的技术基础。     

草坪草屑的加工与利用

我国每年修剪草坪产生大量的草坪草屑,对草坪草屑的加工利用,可以对我国能源、饲料、肥料及蛋白资源的短缺起到一定的缓解作用,因此如何对草坪草屑进行合理利用已成为一项重要的研究课题。本文综述了草坪草屑能源化、饲料化、肥料化和深加工4种利用方式,详细介绍了草坪草屑在发酵生产能源、饲喂家畜、堆肥还坪以及加工叶蛋白等方面的研究进展,指出禾本科草坪草屑和豆科草坪草屑应采用不同的处理方式,对各加工方式的投入和产出也应进行进一步的量化核算,同时总结并展望了草坪草屑利用方式的发展前景。     

天津春稻和麦茬稻品质特性比较

以天津市培育的优质小站稻品种津川1号和隆优619为供试材料,分析了春稻和麦茬稻品质特性的差异。结果表明,津川1号作麦茬稻的整精米率明显低于作春稻,而垩白粒率显著高于春稻;津川1号麦茬稻的蛋白质含量明显偏高,食味值显著低于春稻;隆优619作春稻和麦茬稻无论在外观、加工、食味还是营养品质方面均无显著差异,是较理想的麦茬连作品种。